Finish for fabrics of organic derivatives of cellulose



COMPOSITIONS, COATING OR PLASTIC.

Cress UNITED STATES @aOEOIICO PATENT OFFICE FINISH FOR FABRICS OFORGANIC DERIVA- TIVES OF CELLULOSE of Delaware No Drawing.

12 Claims.

This invention relates to the finishing of textile material made of orcontaining organic derivatives of cellulose and more specifically to thefinishing of fabrics to impart smoothness thereto, to prevent slippingof the weave or stitch shape and to otherwise enhance its properties.

An object of the invention is the production of a sized fabric having adesired hand. Another object of the invention is the sizing of a fabricto produce a smooth, soft hand with or without a delustering of thematerial. Another object of the invention is the anchoring of the weaveor stitch shape of a fabric to prevent the same from slipping orbecoming distorted and thereby producing undesired moire or othereffects. Other objects of the invention will appear from the followingdetailed description.

Sizes have been employed on textile materials containing cotton,regenerated cellulose, silk and/or wool to produce a soft, non-slippingfabric. I have now found that sizes may be applied, in accordance withthis invention, to textile materials containing filaments or fibres ofartificial materials, such as the organic derivatives of cellulose. Thephysical and chemical nature of filaments and fibres containing organicderivatives of cellulose is such that sizes and processes of sizingnormally employed in the textile art are not applicable thereto. Many ofthe sizes formerly employed would not sufiiciently adhere to orpenetrate into textile materials containing a substantial amount offilaments or fibres of organic derivatives of cellulose, to produce anonslipping fabric, while other sizes make the fabric stifi, harsh orotherwise deleteriously modify the hand of the fabric. Fabricscontaining organic derivatives of cellulose that have a size appliedthereto in accordance with my invention have a full or weighted but softhand and may be produced with a natural or subdued luster.

In accordance with my invention, I apply to fabrics containing organicderivatives of cellulose a solution or suspension of the resultingproduct formed by mixing together a resin, ammonia and sodium silicatein water and alcohol. The fabric is preferably pre-dyed, rinsed freefrom soap and oil and vacuum extracted on the jig a deluste'redappearance is desired, the fabric may be treated, after sizing, with asolution of Application June 18, 1935, Serial No. 27,178

a salt that reacts with the material of the sizing to form substantiallyinsoluble resinates.

This invention is applicable to fabrics made of or containing filamentsor fibres of organic derivatives of cellulose. The filaments or fibrescontaining organic derivatives of cellulose may be made from one or amixture of any suitable organic ester of cellulose or cellulose ether.Examples of organic esters of cellulose are cellulose acetate, celluloseformate, cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate, while examples ofcellulose ethers are ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and benzylcellulose.

The fabric may consist wholly of yarns consisting of fibres or filamentsof organic derivatives of cellulose or the yarns may contain, inaddition to organic derivatives of cellulose fibres and filaments, othertextile materials such as fibres or filaments of cotton, wool,regenerated cellulose, silk, etc. Further, the fabric may be formed fromyarns consisting of organic derivatives of cellulose interwoven orinterknitted in any suitable manner with yarns formed of other textilematerials or mixtures of textile materials.

The fabric may be fonned by weaving, circular knitting, warp knitting ornetting the yarn. The invention is of particular importance, however, tothe treatment of fabrics woven with a taffeta or similar weave. However,the invention is also of importance in the treatment of circular knitmaterial to lend to the same a weighted but soft hand.

The sizing material or finishing material may be formed by mixingtogether any suitable resin or resinous material and alcohol. When thesolution of resin and alcohol is almost complete a suitable quantity ofammonia or other basic material may be adde solution of resin and armnia or the chemical reaction products of the same may then be strainedor filtered free of solids or foreign materials. This mixture forms thestock solution of the sizing material.

The sizing mafin'al or the solution or suspension that is padded uponthe textile fabric may be formed from the above stock solution bydiluting the same with ater and adding thereto s d i1 1 m silicate.

The textile material after being rinsed free from soap and oil andvacuum extracted may be treated with the size by immersing the fabric inthe sizing bath and passing the same between nip rollers. The fabricpreferably passes directly from the nip rollers to a tenter where it isdried with as low a tension as possible. After the material has passedthrough a tenter, it is prefgynn, Lari txamine i06. comPosmous.

COATING OR PLASTIC.

Cross Reference enable to give it one, two or more passes between heatednip rollers of a hot calender, the rolls of whsich are maintained atbetween 95 C. and 11 C.

For the purpose of illustrating the invention and not as a limitation,the following preferred example is given:

The resin and alcohol are mixed together and when the solution is almostcomplete the ammonia may be added. The mixture then may be 20 allowed tostand with occasional stirring until practically all of it is insolution. The solution then may be filtered to remove solid materialsand foreign matter. The solution so produced may be diluted to 10,000parts by volume with 25 water to form a stock solution for sizingpurposes.

To the stock solution may be added a solution of sodium silicatesufficient to make the strength e so um silicate in the resultingsolution grams per litre. The sodium silicate preferably is added to thestock solution just prior to .the employment of the solution. Thissolution is then padded onto a fabric containing organic derivatives ofcellulose in the manner described 35 above.

Any suitable re si n or resinous material may be employed, it beingpreferable, however, to employ a bleached natural resin. Such otherresins may e employed as the commercial or brown 0 natural resin andsmthgtig resins that are soluBle in alcohol or similar solven s an asubstantially insoluble salts with barium. The resin or resinousmaterial employed should be soluble in alcohol or similar solvent. Theamount 5 of resin employed may vary from that given in the example. Forinstance, one may employ-from 400 to 800 parts by volume to every 10,000parts by volume of stock solution formed.

Any suitable alcohol may be employed in form- 50 ing the stock solution.It is preferable, however,

Other alcohol such as methl ale 1 I eth l'alcohol or but 1 a1 u 01 maybe substituted for all or a par of the commercial ethyl alco- 55 hol.Solvents other than alcohol may be employed and their use and naturewill depend upon the resinous substance'employed. The amount of alcoholor solvent employed may vary from the amount stated in the example.Depending 60 somewhat upon the resin employed, the quantity of alcoholor resin solvent employed may vary from 500 to 2000 parts by volume.

Ammonium hydroxide is the preferred alkaline material to be added to theresin. However, other 85 basic materials may be employed, for instancesodium or potassium h droxid The quantity of Basic m'aTeriEIemployed'fi'ay vary from the quantity recited in the example and may befrom 200 to 350 or more parts by volume to each 10,000 70 parts of stocksolution produced.

If it is desired to form a subdued lustre on the material, the same maybe given after a dip and a nip through the resin-silicate solution orsuspension, a further padding in a barium chloride '76 or similar saltsolution. The solution may contain from 5 to 20% or more of bariumchloride dissolved in water. It is preferre owever, o employ a solutionof barium chloride. The padding operation is preferably done by passingthe material, treated with the resin size, through the solutioncontaining barium chloride or other salt and twice through nip rollerson a cold calender. Although barium chloride is preferred, other saltsthat will react with the resinous material to form substantiallyinsoluble salts may be employed. Examples of such salts are calciumchloride, strontium chloride or other soluble TY al en sal s o e same orsimilar me 5. e "iasric may be padded with the resin-silicate, then withor without drying it may be padded with the salt solution.

It is understood that the foregoing detailed description is given merelyby way of illustration and that many variations may be made thereinwithout departing from the spirit of my invenia'on.

Having described my invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patentis:

1. In a method of finishing fabrics containing derivatives of cellulosecontaining organic substituent groups to impart thereto a smooth handand prevent slipping of weave and stitch distortion, the step ofapplying to the fabric a liquid medium comprising the resultant productobtained by mixing together in a liquid 8. resinous material, analkaline material and sodium silicate.

2. In a method of finishing fabrics containing cellulose acetate toimpart thereto a smooth hand and prevent slipping of weave and stitchdistortion, the step of applying to the fabric a liquid mediumcomprising the resultant product obtained by mixing together in a liquida resinous material, an alkaline material and sodium silicate.

3. In a method of finishing fabrics containing derivatives of cellulosecontaining organic substituent groups to impart thereto a smooth handand prevent slipping of weave and stitch distortion, the step of paddingthe fabric with a liquid medium comprising the resultant product formedby mixing together a natural resin, an alkaline material and sodiumsilicate in a liquid.

4. In a method of finishing fabrics containing cellulose acetate toimpart thereto a smooth hand and prevent slipping of weave and stitchdistortion, the step of padding the fabric with a liquid mediumcomprising the resultant product formed by mixing together naturalresin, an alkaline material and sodium silicate in a liquid.

5. In a method of finishing fabrics containing cellulose acetate toimpart thereto a smooth hand to prevent slipping of weave and stitchdistortion, the step of padding the fabric with a liquid mediumcomprising the resultant product formed by mixing together naturalresin, ammonium hydroxide and sodium silicate in a liquid.

6. In a method of finishing fabrics containing cellulose acetate toimpart thereto a smooth hand and prevent slipping of weave and stitchdistortion, the step of padding the fabric with a liquid mediumcomprising the resultant product formed by mixing together bleachednatural resin, ammonium hydroxide and sodium silicate in a liquid.

'7. In a method of finishing fabrics containing derivatives of cellulosecontaining organic substituent groups to impart thereto a smooth handand prevent slipping of weave and stitch distortion, the step of paddingthe fabric with a liquid medium formed by mixing together from 400 toExaminer 800 parts by volume of a resin, from 500 to 2,000 parts byvolume of ethyl alcohol, from 200 to 350 parts by volume of ammoniumhydroxide, and sufiicient water to make 10,000 parts of solution, andadding sufficient sodium silicate to give a concentration of 5 grams ofsodium silicate per litre of solution.

8. In a method of finishing fabrics containing derivatives of cellulosecontaining organic substituent groups to impart thereto a smooth handand prevent slipping of weave and stitch distortion, the steps ofapplying to the fabric a liquid medium comprising the resultant productobtained by mixing together in a liquid a natural resin, an alkalinematerial, and sodium silicate and applying to the fabric thus treated asolution of a halogen salt of an alkaline earth metal.

9. In a method of finishing fabrics containing derivatives of cellulosecontaining organic substituent groups to impart thereto a. smooth handand prevent slipping of weave and stitch distortion, the steps ofpadding the fabric with a liquid medium comprising a product formed bymixing together in a liquid 2. natural resin, ammonia and sodiumsilicate and then padding the fabric with a solution containing bariumchloride.

10.'A fabric containing filaments or fibers of derivatives of cellulosecontaining organic substituent groups having a coating thereoncomprising the reaction product, formed by applying to the fabric theproduct formed by mixing together in a liquid carrier a natural resin,ammonium hydroxide, and sodium silicate and reacting this product withbarium chloride in situ.

l1. Fabrics comprising yarns of derivatives of cellulose containingorganic substituent groups, in which the yarns are caused to adhere oneto another by a coating applied to the fabric and comprising thereaction product formed by mixing together in a liquid carrier a resin,ammonium hydroxide and sodium silicate.

l2. Fabrics comprising yarns of derivatives of cellulose containingorganic substituent groups, in which the yarns are caused to adhere oneto another by a coating applied to the fabric and comprising thereaction product formed by mixing together in a liquid carrier 9.natural resin, ammonium hydroxide and sodium silicate and reacting thiscomposition with barium chloride.

HERBERT PLA'IT.

